Investigating the Psychological Disorder and Nutritional Disorder During the Covid-19 epidemic

Background: Considering the various effects of the corona epidemic on humans, the current study was conducted to investigate adults' nutritional patterns and psychological status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on adults in Iran during the Covid-19 epidemic. A total of 315 participants were examined by the convenience sampling method. To collect data from the standard twenty-one questionnaire (das) And Eating Attitudes Test - 26 Items were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS and independent t-test, correlation coefficient, and chi-square analysis of variance at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.93 ± 10.02 years. Based on the findings, 31.1% had some degree of depression, 29.5% had some degree of anxiety and 31.7% have been affected by varying degrees of stress. Also, 8.7% of the participants had eating disorders. A statistically significant relationship was observed between depression score, anxiety score, stress score as well as an overall score of mental disorders and eating disorders;In such a way that with the increase of each of these cases, the score of eating disorders also increases. Conclusion: Following the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic and its psychological effects, the level of stress and anxiety has increased. Awareness controlled the level of anxiety and stress and prevented its adverse effects on nutrition. o Antecedentes: Teniendo en cuenta los diversos efectos de la epidemia de corona en los humanos, el estudio actual se realizó para investigar los patrones nutricionales y el estado psicológico de los adultos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Este estudio analítico transversal se realizó en adultos en Irán durante la epidemia de Covid-19. Un total de 315 participantes fueron examinados por el método de muestreo por conveniencia. Para recopilar datos del cuestionario estándar de veintiún (das) y la prueba de actitudes alimentarias, se utilizaron 26 ítems. Los datos fueron analizados por SPSS y prueba t independiente, coeficiente de correlación y análisis de varianza de chi-cuadrado a un nivel de significación de menos de 0,05. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 31,93 ± 10,02 años. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, el 31,1% presenta algún grado de depresión, el 29,5% presenta algún grado de ansiedad y el 31,7% se ha visto afectado por diversos grados de estrés. Asimismo, el 8,7% de los participantes presentaban trastornos alimentarios. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la puntuación de depresión, la puntuación de ansiedad, la puntuación de estrés, así como una puntuación global de trastornos mentales y trastornos alimentarios;De tal forma que con el aumento de cada uno de estos casos, también aumenta la puntuación de los trastornos alimentarios. Conclusión: A raíz de la prevalencia de la epidemia de Covid-19 y sus efectos psicológicos, el nivel de estrés y ansiedad ha aumentado. La conciencia controló el nivel de ansiedad y estrés y previno sus efectos adversos sobre la nutrición.

Challenges faced by nurses while caring for COVID-19 patients: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: In the COVID-19 crisis, nurses are directly involved in patient care, so they face many challenges. This study was performed to determine the challenges faced by nurses while caring for COVID-19 patients in Iran in 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative, content analysis was conducted in Iran on ten nurses directly involved in the fight against the corona epidemic, selected through a purposeful sampling strategy. Data were collected through deep interviews consisting of open questions. All the interviews were recorded, and immediately after each interview, it was transcribed into written form. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: All the challenges could be classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories. The main categories were miss-management in controlling corona conditions, mental and physical complications and challenges in corona work conditions, and lack of sufficient workforce. CONCLUSION: Hospital managers and authorities play a significant role in meeting the financial needs and requirements of nurses, and can minimize the job discrimination prevalent at medical centers through providing financial and nonfinancial incentives for nurses. Moreover, the findings of the present study can help hospital managers and authorities to gain a better understanding of the experiences of nurses, and to take the necessary measures to obviate the challenges faced by nurses in public health emergencies.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Costs of Patients With a Diagnosis of or Suspected Coronavirus Disease in Iran.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the social and individual effects of the disease and make decisions on the allocation of health resources, it is necessary to understand the economic burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, there are limited data in this field. This study aimed to estimate diagnostic and therapeutic costs of patients with a diagnosis of or suspected of COVID-19 disease admitted to hospitals in northeast Iran. METHODS: This descriptive and analytical research was conducted as a retrospective study using the data collected from 2980 patients admitted to 30 hospitals from February to April 2020 in Iran. For data collection, an appropriate data capture tool was designed to record detailed resource use. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the treatment costs and sociodemographic, disease severity, and underlying diseases. Data were analyzed using Excel 2017 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and SPSS version 21 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS: The inpatient costs per patient were Int$416, of which 74% were paid by social health insurance systems, 19% by the government, and 7% by the patients. The largest cost components were hoteling (37%) and medicine (36%). The 4 subscales of age, sex, underlying disease, and severity predicted 48.6% of the cost variance. CONCLUSION: Understanding the economic consequences of diseases can help policymakers to make plans to reduce out-of-pocket payments and make plans for funding. Since COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease and there is no definitive cure for the disease, the discovery of an effective medicine may alter medical costs and reduce the hospital length of stay, therefore significantly reducing treatment costs.

Experience of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A qualitative study of a pandemic disease in Iran.

BACKGROUND: The spread of COVID-19 as an infectious disease brings about many newly arrived challenges, which call for further research on the scope of its effect on life due to the special conditions of this disease. The present study is, therefore, an attempt to understand the lived experience of inpatients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHOD: In this phenomenological study, among patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in COVID-19 referral hospitals, 17 people were selected by random sampling method. Data were gathered by interviews and analysed using MAXQDA10 software. FINDINGS: Analysis revealed 4 main themes and 16 subthemes. Main themes included the (1) denial of the disease, (2) negative emotions upon arrival, (3) perception of social and psychological supports and (4) post-discharge concerns and problems. CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 experience a different world of stresses, concerns and feelings in the course of their disease. Gaining a deeper insight into patients' experiences with this disease can help handle this disease more effectively and provide better post-corona nursing and psychological care and services.